Educational philosophy for NET & TETs Exams.
Differents schools of philosophy. (Theory of ism) Important for NET.
(1).NATURALISM -- only nature exist, nature is better than civilization.
(2).IDEALISM -- spiritual, values, moral, socratic method
(3).REALISM -- natural world, values arenatural and absolute, reality exist undercieved
(4).PRAGMATISM/EXPERIMENTALISM -- practical, problem solving research, knowledge is what works, values are related, truth is warranted assertion.
(5).ESSENTIALISM -- 3r's (4r's ngayon), achievement test, certain knowledge&skills are essential for rational being.
(6).PROGRESSIVISM -- process of development, higher level of knowledge, the child's need and interest are relevant to curriculum.
(7).EXISTENTIALISM -- knowledge is subjective, man shapes his being as he lives, we are what we do, deciding precedes knowing.
(8).PERENNIALISM -- education that last for century, universalist, knowledge is eternally valid.
(9).SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM -- for better society, community based learning.
(10).RECONSTRUCTUONALISM -- the school should help rebuild the social order thus social change.
(11).BEHAVIORISM -- learning is change in behavior, S-R relationship.
(12).EMPIRICISM -- knowledge comes thru senses, 5 senses (observatory learning)
(13).STRUCTURALISM -- complex mental exp. such as image,feeling and sensation
(14).FUNCTIONALISM -- focus to motivation, thinking & learning.
(15).PURPOSIVISM -- individual hormones are responsible for the motive to strive towards fulfillment of his/her objective.
(16).PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS -- reality is what verifiable, truth correspondes to reality, usage determines meaning.
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🌼Keyword of ism 🌼
🌷IDEALISM
-by Plato
-ideas
-mind only
-independent from the material world
-innate
-values
🌷REALISM
-by Aristotle
-independent on human mind
-external world
-world of physical objects
-objective (evidences)
-action/application to the real world
🌷EMPIRICISM
-by John Locke
-senses (use of senses, sense-based experience)
-is similar with realism
🌷EXISTENTIALISM
-by Soreen Kierkegaard
-lies within the individual (subjective)
-choice and respomsibility
-unique individuals
-freedom
🌷ESSENTIALISM
-by William Bagley
-basics (3Rs/4Rs)
-subject matter
-authority
🌷PERRENIALISM
-by Robert Hutchins
-challenged people over the centuries
-classical tradition
-great books
-eternal truth
-humanities
-critical thinking
-constant and universal
🌷PRAGMATISM (mother of progressivism)
-by Charles Sanders Pierce
-consequence of its test
-change
-experimental method
-practicality
🌷PROGRESSIVISM
-John Dewey
-whole child
-problem solver
-active interplay
-learning by doing
-child centered
🌷BEHAVIORISM
-John Watson
-stimuli
-environment
-arrangement of conditions of learning
-rewards and reinforcement
🌷RECONSTRUCTIVISM
-by George Counts and Harold Rogg
-society
-become involved in the problems whether political, social or economical
-reconstruct society
🌷HEDONISM
-pleasure is the only good thing to the person
UTILATARIAN
-useful
🌷EPICUREANISM
-simple moderate life
-pleasure is attainable by reason
🌷STOICISM
-if there are difficulties and adversities, you have to patiently accept them and
endure them.
By - Awadhesh Sir
(M.A, B.Ed, CTET & STET)
📱 9304442496
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